Unstable molecules, commonly known as free radicals, can cause cell damage by reacting aggressively with important cellular components such as DNA, proteins, and cell membranes. Because they have unpaired electrons, these molecules seek stability by stealing electrons from healthy cells, triggering a chain reaction called oxidative stress. Over time, this damage can impair normal cell function and contribute to ageing and various diseases, which is why the body relies on antioxidants to help neutralise free radicals and protect cellular health.
