Al-Andalus refers to the territories of the Iberian Peninsula that were under Muslim rule from 711 to 1492, a period marked by remarkable advances in science, philosophy, medicine, architecture, and culture. Cities such as Córdoba, Seville, and Granada became major centers of learning where Muslim, Christian, and Jewish scholars often worked side by side, preserving and expanding classical knowledge. The legacy of Al-Andalus is still visible today in its architectural masterpieces like the Great Mosque of Córdoba and the Alhambra, as well as in its lasting influence on European thought and culture.
